City, Urban Transformation and the Right to the City
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Jun 23, 2019
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Abstract
This article investigates the relationship between transformation of cities and the right to the city. To be able to do this, the problems that are created by contemporary urbanization such as social exclusion, poverty and environmental degradation are discussed in the first part. After that, with a special focus on the period starting with industrial revolution up until today, the article explains economic and political motivations behind urban transformation. This part emphasizes how urban change under different forms of capitalism creates and deepens social inequalities in cities. Final part of this article will be a discussion on the right to the city, and its relation to these urban issues.
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Zeybekoglu Sadri, S. (2019). City, Urban Transformation and the Right to the City. Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 4(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2020.v4n1-1
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References
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Hall,T. and Hubbard, P. (1996) “The entrepreneurial city: new urban politics, new urban geographies?” Progress in Human Geography, V:20/2, pp: 153-174, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030913259602000201
Harvey, D. (1989) “From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism”, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp: 3-17, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/04353684.1989.11879583
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Judd, D. and Parkinson, M. (1990) “Urban Leadership and Regeneration Economic Constraint and Political Choice” Leadership and Urban Regeneration, pp: 13-30. https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=nlYFAQAAIAAJ&q=Leadership+and+Urban+Regeneration,+Cities+in+North+America+and+Europe,+(ed.)+D.+Judd,+and+M.+Parkinson,&dq=Leadership+and+Urban+Regeneration,+Cities+in+North+America+and+Europe,+(ed.)+D.+Judd,+and+M.+Parkinson,&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwilr7aQr-biAhVIJZoKHY99Cy0Q6AEIQTAF
Keyder, Ç. and Öncü, A. (1994) “Globalization of a Third World Metropolis: Istanbul in the 1980s” Review 17/3, pp: 383-421, p:389. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40241297
Lampugnani, V. M. (1985) Architecture and City Planning in the Twentieth Century, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=Wn95vgEACAAJ&dq=Architecture+and+City+Planning+in+the+Twentieth+Century+lampugnani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwis7rvMsObiAhVmz6YKHX8vD5MQ6AEIJjAA
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Marcuse, P. (2009) “From critical urban theory to the right to the city” CITY, VOL. 13, NOS. 2–3, JUNE–SEPTEMBER 2009, pp: 185-106, p:189, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13604810902982177
Meyer, M. (2009), Discussion Paper: Urban Policies and the Right to the City.
Montreal City Council (2005), Montreal Charter of Rights and Responsibilities, Retrieved on 14.02.2018,https://ville.montreal.qc.ca/pls/portal/docs/page/charte_mtl_fr/media/documents/charte_montrealaise_english.pdf,
Özdemir, D. (2010) “Giriş: Batı Avrupa’da Kentsel Dönüşüm Olgusunun Süreç İçinde Değişen Anlamları ve Türkiye Yansımaları”, Kentsel Dönüşümde Politika, Mevzuat, Uygulama, (ed.) D. Özdemir, pp: 1-34, Nobel Yayın, Ankara, İstanbul. https://www.nobelyayin.com/detay.asp?u=3094
Paddison, R. (1993) “City Marketing, Image Reconstruction and Urban Regeneration” Urban Studies 30/2, pp: 339-350; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00420989320080331
Percy, S., (2003), “New Agendas”, Urban Regeneration in Europe, (ed.) C. Couch, C. Fraser ve S. Percy, pp: 200-208, Blackwell, Oxford.https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=53a2w5VkuPsC&dq=Urban+Regeneration+in+Europe,+(ed.)+C.+Couch,+C.+Fraser+ve+S.+Percy,&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Purcell, M. (2002) “Excavating Lefèbvre : The Right to the City and its Urban Politics of the Inhabitant” Geojournal 58, pp: 99-108, p:101 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000010829.62237.8f
Roberts, P. (2003) “The Evolution, Definition and Purpose of Urban Regeneration”, Urban Regeneration a Handbook, (ed.) P. Roberts, ve H. Sykes, pp: 9-36, Sage, London.
https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=tjYEDQAAQBAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+Evolution,+Definition+and+Purpose+of+Urban+Regeneration%E2%80%9D&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s
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Thorns, D. C. (2004) Kentlerin Dönüşümü: Kent Teorisi ve Kentsel Yaşam, Soyak Yayınları, İstanbul.
https://books.google.com.cy/books/about/Kentlerin_d%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCm%C3%BC.html?id=R22aAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Torrey, B. B. (2004). Urbanization: An Environmental Force to be Reckoned With. Retrieved on 03.03.2017,http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2004/UrbanizationAnEnvironmentalForcetoBeReckonedWith.aspx
United Cities and Local Governments (2012) European Charter for the Safeguarding of Human Rights in the City, Retrieved on 12 April 2019, https://www.uclg-cisdp.org/sites/default/files/CISDP%20Carta%20Europea%20Sencera_baixa_3.pdf
UN - HABITAT (2003). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. (HS/686/03E). UN – HABITAT. Retrieved on 02.16.2018, from: https://unhabitat.org/books/the-challenge-of-slums-global-report-on-human-settlements-2003/
UN-HABITAT, ISSC, UNESCO (2010) Discussion Paper Urban Policies and the Right to the City. Retrieved on 15.11.2010. http://hic-mena.org/documents/UN%20Habitat%20discussion.pdf
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2015). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision. (ST/ESA/SER.A/366). New York: United Nations. Retrieved on 02.16.2018, from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Report.pdf
Bianchini, F., (1993), “Remaking European Cities: The Role of Cultural Policies”, Cultural Policy and Urban Regeneration, (ed.) F. Bianchini ve M. Parkinson, pp: 1-20, Manchester University Press, Manchester.https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=N327AAAAIAAJ&dq=Bianchini,+F.,+(1993),+cultural+policy+and+urban+regeneration&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Brenner, N. & Schmid, C. (2011). Planetary Urbanization. in M. Gandy (ed.) Urban Constellations (pp: 10-13). Berlin: Jovis, https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=4FUWywAACAAJ&dq=M.+Gandy+(ed.)+Urban+Constellations&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhzvzArubiAhXReZoKHczeBTMQ6AEIOjAE
Cities Alliance & Brazil Ministry of Cities (2010) The City Statute of Brazil A Commentary, Retrieved on 14.02.2018, http://www.citiesalliance.org/sites/citiesalliance.org/files/CA_Images/CityStatuteofBrazil_English_fulltext.pdf
Council of Europe (2009), European Urban Charter II - Manifesto for a new urbanity, Retrieved on 14.02.2018. https://5cidade.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/urban-charter_en.pdf
Ellwood, W. (2002) Küreselleşmeyi Anlama Kılavuzu, Metis, İstanbul. https://www.kitapyurdu.com/kitap/kuresellesmeyi-anlama-kilavuzu/49006.html
EUROCULTURES et.al (1994) European Charter for Women in the City, Commission of the European Union Equal Opportunities Unit, Retrieved 14.02.2018,http://www.hlrn.org/img/documents/1994%20-%20European%20Charter%20for%20Women%20in%20the%20City.pdf
Fainstein, S. (1990) “The Changing World Economy and Urban Restructuring” Leadership and Urban Regeneration, Cities in North America and Europe, (ed.) D. Judd, and M. Parkinson, pp: 31-50, Sage, London, New Delhi. https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=nlYFAQAAIAAJ&q=Leadership+and+Urban+Regeneration,+Cities+in+North+America+and+Europe,+(ed.)+D.+Judd,+and+M.+Parkinson,&dq=Leadership+and+Urban+Regeneration,+Cities+in+North+America+and+Europe,+(ed.)+D.+Judd,+and+M.+Parkinson,&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwilr7aQr-biAhVIJZoKHY99Cy0Q6AEIQTAF
Gotham, K.F., Shefner, J., Brumley, K. (2001) “Abstract Space, Social Space and the Redevelopment of Public Housing”, Critical Perspectives on Urban Redevelopment, 6, pp: 313-335, https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1016/S1047-0042(01)80012-X
Gottdiener, M. (1993) “A Marx for Our Time: Henri Lefèbvre and The Production of Space”, Sociological Theory, 11/1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/201984?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
Hall,T. and Hubbard, P. (1996) “The entrepreneurial city: new urban politics, new urban geographies?” Progress in Human Geography, V:20/2, pp: 153-174, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030913259602000201
Harvey, D. (1989) “From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism”, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp: 3-17, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/04353684.1989.11879583
Harvey, D. (2008) “The Right to the City” New Left Review, 53, pp: 23-39.https://kompreser.espivblogs.net/files/2012/11/David-Harvey-The-Right-To-The-City-full.pdf
Hobsbawm, E.J., (1998) Sanayi ve İmparatorluk, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara. http://www.dostyayinevi.com/TR/belge/1-347/sanayi-ve-imparatorluk.html
IPCC, (2014): Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. Geneva: IPCC. Retrieved on 02.16.2018, from: http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/
Judd, D. and Parkinson, M. (1990) “Urban Leadership and Regeneration Economic Constraint and Political Choice” Leadership and Urban Regeneration, pp: 13-30. https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=nlYFAQAAIAAJ&q=Leadership+and+Urban+Regeneration,+Cities+in+North+America+and+Europe,+(ed.)+D.+Judd,+and+M.+Parkinson,&dq=Leadership+and+Urban+Regeneration,+Cities+in+North+America+and+Europe,+(ed.)+D.+Judd,+and+M.+Parkinson,&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwilr7aQr-biAhVIJZoKHY99Cy0Q6AEIQTAF
Keyder, Ç. and Öncü, A. (1994) “Globalization of a Third World Metropolis: Istanbul in the 1980s” Review 17/3, pp: 383-421, p:389. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40241297
Lampugnani, V. M. (1985) Architecture and City Planning in the Twentieth Century, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=Wn95vgEACAAJ&dq=Architecture+and+City+Planning+in+the+Twentieth+Century+lampugnani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwis7rvMsObiAhVmz6YKHX8vD5MQ6AEIJjAA
Lefèbvre , H. (1996) The Production of Space, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK, https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=SIXcnIoa4MwC&dq=Lef%C3%A8bvre+,+H.+(1996)+The+Production+of+Space&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjT7r_asObiAhXRJpoKHXutAJwQ6AEINTAD
Marcuse, P. (2009) “From critical urban theory to the right to the city” CITY, VOL. 13, NOS. 2–3, JUNE–SEPTEMBER 2009, pp: 185-106, p:189, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13604810902982177
Meyer, M. (2009), Discussion Paper: Urban Policies and the Right to the City.
Montreal City Council (2005), Montreal Charter of Rights and Responsibilities, Retrieved on 14.02.2018,https://ville.montreal.qc.ca/pls/portal/docs/page/charte_mtl_fr/media/documents/charte_montrealaise_english.pdf,
Özdemir, D. (2010) “Giriş: Batı Avrupa’da Kentsel Dönüşüm Olgusunun Süreç İçinde Değişen Anlamları ve Türkiye Yansımaları”, Kentsel Dönüşümde Politika, Mevzuat, Uygulama, (ed.) D. Özdemir, pp: 1-34, Nobel Yayın, Ankara, İstanbul. https://www.nobelyayin.com/detay.asp?u=3094
Paddison, R. (1993) “City Marketing, Image Reconstruction and Urban Regeneration” Urban Studies 30/2, pp: 339-350; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00420989320080331
Percy, S., (2003), “New Agendas”, Urban Regeneration in Europe, (ed.) C. Couch, C. Fraser ve S. Percy, pp: 200-208, Blackwell, Oxford.https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=53a2w5VkuPsC&dq=Urban+Regeneration+in+Europe,+(ed.)+C.+Couch,+C.+Fraser+ve+S.+Percy,&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Purcell, M. (2002) “Excavating Lefèbvre : The Right to the City and its Urban Politics of the Inhabitant” Geojournal 58, pp: 99-108, p:101 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000010829.62237.8f
Roberts, P. (2003) “The Evolution, Definition and Purpose of Urban Regeneration”, Urban Regeneration a Handbook, (ed.) P. Roberts, ve H. Sykes, pp: 9-36, Sage, London.
https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=tjYEDQAAQBAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+Evolution,+Definition+and+Purpose+of+Urban+Regeneration%E2%80%9D&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Sassen, S. (1998). Globalization and its Discontents: Essays on the New Mobility of People and Money. New York: New Press. https://books.google.com.cy/books?id=zLmePgAACAAJ&dq=Globalization+and+its+Discontents:+Essays+on+the+New+Mobility+of+People+and+Money&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibmeeUsubiAhXB8qYKHe8IBakQ6AEIJjAA
Thorns, D. C. (2004) Kentlerin Dönüşümü: Kent Teorisi ve Kentsel Yaşam, Soyak Yayınları, İstanbul.
https://books.google.com.cy/books/about/Kentlerin_d%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCm%C3%BC.html?id=R22aAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Torrey, B. B. (2004). Urbanization: An Environmental Force to be Reckoned With. Retrieved on 03.03.2017,http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2004/UrbanizationAnEnvironmentalForcetoBeReckonedWith.aspx
United Cities and Local Governments (2012) European Charter for the Safeguarding of Human Rights in the City, Retrieved on 12 April 2019, https://www.uclg-cisdp.org/sites/default/files/CISDP%20Carta%20Europea%20Sencera_baixa_3.pdf
UN - HABITAT (2003). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. (HS/686/03E). UN – HABITAT. Retrieved on 02.16.2018, from: https://unhabitat.org/books/the-challenge-of-slums-global-report-on-human-settlements-2003/
UN-HABITAT, ISSC, UNESCO (2010) Discussion Paper Urban Policies and the Right to the City. Retrieved on 15.11.2010. http://hic-mena.org/documents/UN%20Habitat%20discussion.pdf
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2015). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision. (ST/ESA/SER.A/366). New York: United Nations. Retrieved on 02.16.2018, from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Report.pdf